Nautical chart for piloting

ABSTRACT

This invention is a nautical chart intended primarily for small craft navigation. The nautical chart includes a representation of a shoreline on at least one side of a single sheet of flexible material. The representation of the shoreline includes at least one small scale chart and a plurality of large scale charts. Both large scale and small scale charts are suitable for piloting. A substantially continuous shoreline is represented by a combination of the plurality of large scale charts. The large scale charts can be an extension of the shoreline of the small scale chart, overlap the shoreline of the small scale charts, or both.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to an arrangement of nautical charts on a singlesheet of flexible material or paper that is suitable for piloting. Inparticular, this invention relates to an arrangement of nautical chartson a single sheet of, desirably, waterproof paper having at least onesmall scale chart and a plurality of large scale charts whereby thecombination of all the charts represents a substantially continuousshoreline.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Piloting is commonly defined as navigating a craft in optical orelectronic sight of land. Electronic sight can include the use of RADARequipment to identify objects on the shore. The position of the craft inthe water is calculated by a navigational method known as triangulation.Triangulation consists of obtaining a magnetic compass or gyrocompassbearing of an optical or electronic line of sight from the small craftto two or more specific landmarks on the shore. The landmarks areidentified on a chart of the shoreline and lines are drawn on the chartfrom the representations of the objects at angles corresponding to theangles of the lines of sight. The point of intersection of the linesdrawn on the chart is the navigational position or "fix" of the smallcraft. Explanations of piloting and navigation can be found in manyreference texts including Piloting and Dead Reckoning by Shufeldt andDunlap, published by the Naval Institute Press, 1970.

Piloting charts present sufficient detail of a shoreline to representspecific landmarks that can be recognized from a vessel on the water andin sight or the shoreline depicted by the chart. Charts of harbors orinlets are usually rendered in 1:40,000 scale or less frequently in1:10,000 scale. These scales represent a small nautical and geographicarea and are termed large scale charts. Coastwise charts, embracingstretches of shoreline that contain sever harbors often have a 1:80,000scale. This scale represents a relatively large nautical or geographicalarea and is termed a small scale chart. Small scale charts bear the nameof the area that they depict or cover such as "Tampa Bay" or Long IslandSound-Eastern Part.

Open ocean navigational charts are much smaller in scale than are chartsused for piloting. Open ocean navigational charts depict large areas ofocean and typically contain no shoreline detail. Open ocean navigationalcharts have a 1:1,000,000 scale or larger.

As can be appreciated a small scale chart is one in which features arepresented in smaller size and less detail than on a large scale chart.The demarcations between large scale and small scale charts is relative.For this reason the descriptions above are provided as a general guideto the terms used in the art.

Special folio-style charts, known as Small Craft Charts, are publishedfor areas that have a significant amount of small craft traffic. Thesecharts have several fold-out segments stapled together in protectivecovers along with tidal and harbor facility information. These chartsare considered easier to use in a confined cockpit of a skiff ordaysailer than are the large format navigational charts used on largervessels. Small Craft Charts usually represent a shoreline in a 1:40,000scale. The user of these charts can obtain navigational information byflipping through the charts printed on small sheets of paper andattached together in a book format.

The user of Small Craft Charts cannot obtain a "total picture⃡ of all theshoreline represented all by the charts without disassembling the chartsfrom one another and fitting them together. A book format as used inSmall Craft Charts does not lend itself to navigational plotting becausesight lines from a landmark often cross over onto another chart.Additionally, Small Craft Charts often do not contain sufficient numberof large scale charts of restricted navigational waters to provideadequate detail for the navigator of these waters. This lack of largescale charts requires the small craft navigator to have separate largescale charts on board his vessel.

Desirable piloting charts are of a sufficient size to permit thenavigator to draw sight lines or "readings" on the chart. Conventionalpiloting charts available from the U.S. National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration (NOAA) are typically printed on only one side of a largesheet of paper. Paper sizes for NOAA charts are often about three feetin height and three and one-half to four feet in width. NOAA charts ofthis size frequently contain only one chart of a single scale to depictthe shoreline representation presented by the chart. Plotting charts ofthis nature are too large and cumbersome for use on a small craft thathas no chart table. Piloting charts, because of their size, must oftenbe folded in order to be handled on a small craft. When a chart isfolded the navigator of the craft loses the benefit of quick referenceto all the information presented on the chart. Additionally, charts arefrequently carried on board small craft in transparent plastic pouchesor "chart pockets". If the chart is carried in a waterproof chartpocket, folding the chart by removing the chart from the pocket exposesthe chart to the elements. If the chart is folded along with the chartpocket, the chart pocket can be permanently creased or destroyed.

Examples of navigational charts including small craft charts are foundin patents, technical literature, and actual commercially availablecharts. The following specific examples are provided.

The Miami to Card Sound marine chart by U.S. Master® published byCartographic Corporation Box 88, Manchester, Mass. 01944, is an exampleof a waterproof chart depicting two small scale charts and a number ofrelated large scale charts that define only very narrow sections ofshoreline. The large scale charts taken in combination do not representa substantially continuous section of shoreline. Insert Number 1 ofMiami Beach illustrates a seven mile stretch of a Miami channel. Thischannel is presented on such a small section of the overall chartrepresentation that size constraints do not provide enough surface areafor the navigator to chart repeated fixes when navigating the channel.The small scale charts do not depict sufficient landmarks to facilitatethe navigator's plotting of his position. Under foul weather conditionsan inadequate number of landmarks depicted on a piloting chart renderthat chart useless because of the restricted visability.

U.S. Pat. No. 1,429,285 to Harriman discloses a waterway chart. Thewaterway chart graphically expresses facts concerning waterways andother bodies of water and their relation to commercial, industrial andrecreational uses. Selective facts concerning the seacoast, the riversentering the sea along this seacoast, and the tributaries and lakesconnected to these rivers are shown. This chart is not intended orsuitable for plotting small craft. The length of sea coast illustratediu this waterway chart is printed on sizes or paper having insufficientarea to draw repeated fixes when navigating the coastline. There are nodistinct landmarks depicted on the coastline of this chart.

The Galveston Bay fishing map published by Hooksetter Fishing Maps, P.O.Box 7330, Bay Plaza Station, Baytown, Tex. 77520, is an example of awaterproof chart for small craft. This fishing chart depicts a number oflarge scale charts in its inserts. The combined charts are arranged onone sheet of paper in a manner suitable for use while fishing inspecific areas of the bay. i.e large scale charts do not depict asubstantially continuous section of shoreline in a suitable manner toreadily facilitate navigating from the areas depicted by one large scalechart to an area depicted by another large scale chart. Small craftnavigating between the different areas depicted by the large scalecharts is made cumbersome by the lack of a substantially continuousrepresentation of shoreline in the large scale charts.

Cartographers, when producing maps, encounter difficulties similar tothose described above when presenting detailed map information on largescale maps in conjunction with general information presented in a smallscale map. A map is a representation of a land surface. Road maps aregenerally depicted in the form or a large folded sheets of paper. Smallscale road maps are generally not detailed enough to provide a guidethrough cities or towns contained in the territory covered by the map.Cartographers have attempted to solve these problems in numerous ways.

U.S. Pat. No. 1,364,239 to Bloomfield discloses a scroll map. The map isarranged in a form such that the map can be compactly arranged in asmall space convenient for ready reference. The map reprsents a givengeographical area divided into a number of parallel sections. Theparallel sections are arranged in a parallel single line on a singlestrip of paper that is mounted at each end on rollers. The mapillustrates a given area as well as enlargements of certain portions ofthe geographical areas. The map sections are arranged in an order suchthat a traveler can determine his position while travelling to a givendestination. The user must shift the strip map from one section toanother to determine his position on the map. A number of sectionsrepresenting a substantially continuous road are not simultaneouslyviewable. A chart having similar construction is not suitable forpiloting small craft because of the cumbersome nature of a scroll formatand the inability of the navigator to plot on portions of the scrollwithout the scrolls unrolling as his small craft is tossed about bywaves.

U.S. Pat. No. 1,537,634 to Watson discloses a road map. Map sections areprovided in sheets which can be attached in a book format One using theroad map can organize a tour by placing map section sheets in the bookin a sequence corresponding to the chosen route. The book can then beconveniently handled by the automobile tourist while driving. The mapsections in the book are not simultaneously viewable. A chart havingsimilar construction is not suitable for piloting small craft for thesame reasons as detailed above for the Small Craft Charts.

The industry lacks a chart for use with small craft piloting andnavigation that illustrates on a single sheet of paper a substantiallycontinuous shoreline. The industry lacks charts suitable for pilotingthat provide the small craft navigator with an acceptable arrangement ofchart information on a single sheet of flexible material or paper forquick and easy use when navigating near a shoreline.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A illustrates a nautical chart according to the invention having acombination of indicia including one large scale representation of ashoreline and a small scale representation illustrating an extension ofthe shoreline.

FIG. 1B further illustrates the nautical chart of FIG. 1A having acombination of indicia including three large scale representationsextending the same shoreline of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2A illustrates one side of a sheet of flexible material presentinga nuutica1 chart containing a small scale representation of a shoreline.

FIG. 2B illustrates one side of a sheet of flexible material presentinga nautical chart according to the invention having a combination ofindicia including a reproduction of the small scale chart of FIG. 2A andsix large scale charts that overlap the shoreline of FIG. 2A that arcpresented in border and arrow format.

FIG. 3A illustrates one side of a sheet of flexible material presentinga nautical chart according to the invention having a combination ofindicia including a small scale chart presenting a shoreline and a largescale chart that presents an extension of the shoreline.

FIG. 3B illustrates a nautical chart according to the invention having acombination of indicia including a reproduction of the small scale chartof FIG. 3A and three large scale charts that overlap the shoreline of ofthe small scale chart that are presented in border and arrow format.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is a navigational chart comprising a representation of ashoreline. The representation of the shoreline is on at least one sideof a sheet of flexible material. The representation has indiciaincluding at least one small scale chart and a plurality of large scalecharts. The plurality of large scale charts are in toto a depiction of asubstantially continuous portion of the shoreline. The substantiallycontinuous portion of the shoreline is selectively represented by theindicia in ut one of two conditions. The first condition is one whereinthe substantially continuous portion of the shoreline represented by thelarge scale charts is an extension of the shoreline of the small scalechart. The second condition is one wherein the substantially continuousportion of the shoreline of the large scale charts overlaps theshoreline of the small scale chart.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This invention is a nautical chart primarily suitable for use n smallcraft piloting and navigation within visual or electronic sight of ashoreline. The nautical charts according to this invention include arepresentation of a section of shoreline. The representation isdesirably on both sides of a sheet of flexible material or paper. Themost desirable flexible material is waterproof paper that can beremovably written upon with a pencil. The representation of theshoreline has indicia that includes at least one small scale chart and aplurality of large scale charts. The combination of the plurality scalecharts represents a substantially continuous portion of a shoreline. Therelationship or combination of the large scale charts to the small scalechart is in at least one of two conditions. The first of theseconditions is one wherein the substantially continuous portion ofshoreline of the large scale charts is an extension of the shorelinerepresented by the small scale chart. The second of these condition isone wherein the substantially continuous portion of the shoreline of thelarge scale charts overlaps the shoreline represented by the small scalechart. The total combination of the plurality of large scale charts andthe one or more small scale charts for a navigational area form anautical chart according to this invention.

This invention is a nautical chart primarily suitable for use on board asmall craft. A small craft for the purposes of this invention is avessel suitable for sailing either on inland waters or at sea wherein asingle individual both controls the rudder of the vessel and navigatesthe vessel. A small craft is frequently only navigated within visual orelectronic sight of the shoreline. Typically, a small craft is a vesselon which there is insufficient space for a navigating table.

The nautical charts according to this invention provide large and smallscale chart information of waterway areas within optical or electronicsight of a shoreline. The dimension of the waterway areas from theshoreline to be depicted on the charts are calculated to be within thedistance to the horizon of a line of sight from an average small craft.This distance can vary depending upon the height of eye of the smallcraft operator above the surface of the water. The waterway areadistance from the shoreline depicted on nautical charts according tothis invention is typically within a range or distance from theshoreline of approximately one-half mile to approximately twenty miles.Large and small scale charts used in the nautical charts according tothis invention depict an amount of chart information of the inland shorearea approximately equal to the amount of waterway area depicted on aspecific large or small scale chart. The ratio of waterway area to shorearea depicted in a large or small scale chart used in the nauticalcharts according to this invention is desirably about one to one.

The nautical chart according to this invention includes a representationof a section of substantially continuous shoreline being presented on atleast one side of a single sheet of flexible material or paper. Therepresentation of the length of shoreline presented in toto the largeand small scale charts forming the nautical charts according to thisinvention must be sufficient to enable the small craft operator to sailin a significant portion of the navigational waters. Typically, thetotal length of shoreline depicted in the nautical charts of thisinvention are between about two miles to about one hundred miles ofcontinuous shoreline. The amount of shoreline represented in aparticular nautical chart varies depending upon the restrictions tonavigation in the particular waterway area. Sections of the shorelinerepresented in the nautical charts of the invention are oriented forready reference so as to be available for quick and easy referencewithout the need for the user to consult other charts or the reverseside of the nautical chart.

The representation of the shoreline depicted in the nautical charts ofthis invention includes at least one small scale chart and a pluralityof large scale charts. The small scale chart provides an overall view orthe "big picture" of the most critical portions of a shore area, such asa city, or of the waterway area, such as a harbor or channel. The smallscale chart enables the navigator to obtain a rapid reference or a roughplot of his position. The large scale charts provide more details ofnavigational objects than is provided by a small scale chart. Smallscale charts provide either (1) detailed navigational data of an areanot having a significant concentration of navigational objects or (2)detailed navigational data of an area of hazardous navigation. Both thelarge and small scale charts used in this invention depict recognizablenavigational objects and are of a sufficient size to permit thenavigator to draw repeated readings or sight lines on the chart topermit the plotting of repeated fixes for deriving a course line. It ismost desirable in the nautical charts according to this invention whenthe small scale charts are of a scale of about 1:80,000 and the largescale charts are of a scale of between about 1:10,000 and 1:40,000.These scales provide charts suitable for plotting.

Nautical charts according to this invention present combinations oflarge and small scale charts in at least one of the two conditions. Thefirst or these two conditions is a presentation of large scale chartsused to extend the shoreline of the small scale chart. The second ofthese two conditions is a presentation of large scale charts used tooverlap the shoreline of the small scale chart. This is most desirablyan overlapping of an area having either a dense concentration ofnavigational objects or restricted navigational waters.

The most desirable ratios of small scale charts to large scale chartspresented on one or more sides of a single sheet of flexible materialare between about 1:2 to between about 1:7, respectively. The mostdesirable ratio of small scale charts to large scale charts presented ononly one side of a sheet of flexible material is about 1:3 respectively.With these ratios of small scale charts to large scale charts, thepercent of the surface area of the flexible material devoted to smallscale charts is desirably between about 25 and about 60 percent. Thepercent of surface area of the flexible material devoted to the smallscale charts is desirably within this percentage whether one or bothsides of the flexible material in used for the printing of the large andsmall scale charts of this invention. This percentage provides a smallscale chart of sufficient size to permit the plotting of a navigationalcourse when the dimensions of the flexible material are as describedbelow. It is most desirable that the surface area of the flexiblematerial devoted to the large scale chart be at least 50 percent andinclude at least four large scale charts of dimensions sufficient topermit plotting. For example, when a single small scale chart is presenton one side of a sheet of flexible material the reverse side of theflexible material can contain the four or more large scale charts. Thiscombination, when the nautical chart according to this invention has thedimensions described below, presents individual large and small scalecharts that each have a sufficient surface area for plotting.

These ratios and percentages can be varied according to the needs of aparticular navigational area. The desirable ratios an percentagesidentified above provide a nautical chart that can be rapidly used by anavigator to obtain a rough fix of his position with only a glance atthe chart. The desirable ranges also provide the navigator with amplesurface area to plot a course on any of the large or small scale chartswhen the flexible material s of a dimension as described below.

The total combination of large and small scale charts that form thenautical charts of this invention are arranged on a single piece offlexible material or paper. The flexible material is of a size adaptedor suitable for both holding and viewing one side of the nautical chartin an unfolded condition by a single person. Dimensions of sheets offlexible material for the nautical charts according to this inventionare desirably at least about eighteen inches by about twenty-fourinches. The maximum desirable dimensions of the flexible material usedin this invention is up to about three feet by about four feet. Thesedimensions of flexible material are generally smaller than thedimensions used for commercial charts suitable for ocean-going vessels.The smaller dimension used in this invention provide a nautical chartthat is more easily handled and viewed on board a vcssei or small craftwithout a chart table.

Both the large and small scale charts must be dimension sufficient topermit plotting. This dimension can vary. Desirably the dimensions aboutthe perimeter of a rectangular large scale chart is at least about fiveinches by about eighteen inches. This is a size sufficient to permitplotting. Desirably the small scale chart has larger dimensions than anyof the large scale charts.

The large and small scale charts used to form the nautical chart of thisinvention can desirably be compilations of reproduced charts or portionsof charts currently published by government or other sources. The chartsor portions of charts are selected to illustrate desired waterway areasand shore areas. The portions of waterway area or shore area that areundesirable for use in the nautical charts of this invention can beexcluded from reproduction. It is desirable to reproduce or print thechart information on nautical charts according to this invention in thesame colors as used on NOAA charts. These colors maintain contrast fromone another when viewed under red light such as those used during thenight on chart tables and interior spaces of nautical vessels.

The nautical charts according to the invention can be printed on asingle sheet of any suitable flexible material or paper. in thepreferred embodiment of this invention waterproof, tear resistant paperis used as a flexible material. Waterproof paper that can be removablywritten upon is preferable. An acceptable waterproof paper is sold underthe mark Kim Dura® by the Kimberly Clarke Company. Kim Dura® brand papercan be removably written upon with pencil. The pencil marking can bewashed off with water without removing the ink from the paper. If aneraser is used to remove writing from Kim Dura® brand paper, some or allof the ink can be removed by the eraser. Printing on Kim Dura® brandpaper can require special procedures, but is within the skill of art.

FIG. 1A illustrates a nautical chart 1 according to the invention havinga combination or arrangement of indicia including one large scalerepresentation or chart 2 that presents a shore ne 3 and a small scalerepresentation or chart 4 that presents an extension of the shoreline 3.Both the large scale chart 2 and the small scale chart 4 containnavigational objects 5 on their respective shore areas 6. The smallscale chart 4 includes an overall view of a bay 7 and the channel 8 tothe bay.

FIG. 1B illustrates the reverse side of the sheet of flexible materialcontaining the nautical chart 1 according to the invention having acombination of indicia including three large scale charts 9, 10, and 11extending the same shoreline 3 of FIG. 1A. The large scale charts 9, 10,and 11 can selectively extend the shoreline 3 in either or bothdirections of that portion of shoreline 3 presented in the small scalechart 4.

FIG. 2A illustrates the side of a sheet of flexible material presentinga nautical chart 20 containing a small scale chart 21 of a shoreline 22.This small scale chart provides an overall view of a representation of asound or bay 23. The small scale chart of this figure is not a nauticalchart according to the invention unless accompanied with the additionalindicia presented in FIG. 2B.

FIG. 2B illustrates one side of a sheet of flexible material presentinga nautical chart 20 according to the invention having a combination ofindicia including a reproduction of the small scale chart 21 of FIG. 2Aand six large scale charts 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29. Therepresentations of the shoreline presented n each of these six largescale charts overlap portions of the shoreline 22 of FIG. 2A. Areproduction of the small scale chart 21 of FIG. 2A that is reduced insize is presented in the center of the side of flexible materialcontaining the large scale charts of this figure. Borders 30 are drawnabout portions of shoreline 22 appearing in the reduced presentation ofthe small scale chart 21. Reference lines or arrows 31 extend from theborders 30 to a specific large scale chart that presents an enlargementof the corresponding portion of shoreline 22 appearing within a specificborder. This "border and arrow format" allows a navigator to rapidlyobtain a reference from a position or fix plotted in the water area 32on the small scale chart 21 of FIG. 2A to a large scale chart asillustrated in FIG. 2B that presents the same portion of water areacontaining the position or fix of the vessel.

A nautical chart 20 containing the combination of indicia as illustratedin both FIGS. 2A and 2B allows a navigator to use the small scale chart21 of one side of the flexible material to navigate in open water. Thiscombination of indicia so provides the navigator with large scale chartsof substantially continuous portions of the shoreline 22 for use innavigation in the more shallow depths of water that are close to shore.

The combination of indicia as presented in FIG. 2B can alone represent anautical chart according to this invention without the reverse side ofthe flexible material containing any additional indicia. The combinationof the small scale chart presented in the center of the nautical chartof FIG. 2B, when accompanied by the large scale charts 24 through 29,provides all the indicia on sIngle side of flexible material required bythe invention. A navigator receives an additional benefit when a smallscale chart as presented in FIG. 2A is provide on one side of the sheetof flexible material. This benefit is the availability of a small scalechart suitable in size for plotting a plurality of navigationalpositions.

FIG. 3A illustrates one side of a sheet of flexible material presentinga nautical chart 40 according to the invention having a combination ofindicia including a small scale chart 41 presenting a shoreline 42 and alarge sea chart 43 that presents an extension of the shoreline 42. Boththe small scale chart 41 and the large scale chart 43 present portionsof a water area 44 and a shore area 45.

FIG. 3B illustrates one side of a sheet of flexible material presentingthe nautical chart 40 according to the invention having a combination ofindicia including a reproduction of the small scale chart 41 of FIG. 3Aand three large scale charts 46, 47, and 48 that overlap the shoreline42 of the reproduction of the small scale chart 41. The border and arrowformat described above is also a part of the combination of the indiciaof illustrated in this figure. The border and arrow format identifiesthe portions of substantially continuous shoreline of the small scalechart 41 that are enlarged and presented in the large scale charts 46,47, and 48.

The combination of indicia provided by the nautical chart 40 asillustrated n both FIGS. 3A and 3B presents large scale charts that bothextend and overlap the shoreline of the small scale chart 41. This totalcombination of indicia as represented by nautIcal chart 40 is thepreferred embodiment of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A nautical chart having a combination of indiciacomprising:(a) at least one small scale chart having a representation ofa shoreline; (b) a plurality of large scale charts, essentially all ofsaid large scale charts in combination present a substantiallycontinuous shoreline, said substantially continuous shoreline being inat least one of two conditions:(i) a first condition wherein saidsubstantially continuous shoreline of said plurality of large scalecharts in an extension of said shoreline of said small scale chart; and(ii) a second condition wherein said substantially continuous shorelineof said plurality of large scale charts overlaps said shoreline of saidsmall scale chart.
 2. The nautical chart of claim 1 wherein the ratio ofsmall scale charts to large scale charts are between about 1:2 tobetween about 1:7, respectively.
 3. The nautical chart of claim 2wherein said nautical chart is printed on a flexible material, saidflexible material having between about 25 and about 60 percent of itssurface area devoted to said small scale charts.
 4. The nautical chartof claim 3 wherein said surface area of said flexible material devotedto said large scale charts is at least 50 percent and wherein at leastfour large scale charts are presented, each of said large scale chartsbeing of a dimension sufficient to permit plotting.
 5. The nauticalchart of claim 4 wherein said small scale chart is of a scale of about1:80,000 and said large scale charts are of scales between about1:10,000 and about 1:40,000.
 6. The nautical chart of claim 5 whereinsaid flexible material is a waterproof paper.
 7. The nautical chart ofclaim 6 wherein a border surrounds a port on of said small scale chartand an arrow connects said bordered portion of said small scale chart toa corresponding large scale chart.
 8. A nautical chart having acombination of indicia comprising:(a) a small scale chart having arepresentation of a shoreline; and (b) a plurality of large scalecharts, essentially all of said large scale charts in toto being arepresentation of a substantially continuous shoreline that extends saidshoreline of said small scale chart, said nautical chart being printedon waterproof, tear resistant paper.
 9. The nautical chart of claim 8wherein the ratio of small scale charts to large scale charts arebetween about 1:2 to between about 1:7, respectively.
 10. The nauticalchart of claim 9 wherein said nautical chart is printed on a flexiblematerial, said flexible material having between about 25 and about 60percent of its surface area devoted to said scale charts.
 11. Thenautical chart of claim 10 wherein said surface area of said flexiblematerial devoted to said large scale charts is at least 50 percent andwherein at least four large scale charts are presented, each of saidlarge scale charts being of a dimension sufficient to permit plotting.12. The nautical chart of claim 11 wherein said small scale chart is ofa scale of about 1:80,000 and said large scale charts are of scalesbetween about 1:10,000 and about 1:40,000.
 13. A nautical chart having acombination of indicia comprising:(a) a small scale chart having arepresentation of a shoreline; and (b) a plurality of large scalecharts, essentially all of said large scale charts in toto being arepresentation of a substantially continuous shoreline that overlapssaid shoreline of said small scale chart, said nautical chart beingprinted on waterproof, tear resistant paper and wherein a bordersurrounds a portion of said small scale chart and an arrow connects saidborder portion of said small scale chart to a corresponding large scalechart.
 14. The nautical chart of claim 13 wherein the ratio of smallscale charts to large scale charts are between about 1:2 to betweenabout 1:7, respectively.
 15. The nautical chart of claim 14 wherein saidnautical chart is printed on a flexible material, said flexible materialhaving between about 25 and about 60 percent of its surface area devotedto said scale charts.
 16. The nautical chart of claim 15 wherein saidsurface area of said flexible material devoted to said large scalecharts is at least 50 percent and wherein at least four large scalecharts are presented, each of said large scale chart being of adimension sufficient to permit plotting.
 17. The nautical chart of claim16 wherein said small scale chart is of a scale of about 1:80,000 andsaid large scale charts are of scales between about 1:10,000 and about1:40,000.